Is There a World Order?

The following is the conclusion of [1]. 

Then, is world order possible? There is no simple answer. I will write a few write-ups to address this question superficially. Superficially because it is one of the most difficult questions one can ask. This does not mean that some kind of world order is impossible. After WWII, a kind of world order was established. You may have heard rule-based world order, liberal world order, etc. I will continue this topic. Stay in tune. 

A few years ago, a debate was held in Canada between two well-known scholars [1]. The topic is whether or not the world has a Liberal International Order [2]. The advocate of LIO is Fareed Zakaria and his opponent is Niall Ferguson. On this topic, I was with Niall Ferguson. Perhaps I should explain a few words. 

There is one school that says the world should have a liberal world order. After WWII, world powers tried to establish some world order. There are several schools among IR scholars. One proposes that the world order should be liberal. You might have heard the End of History proposed by Francis Fukuyama [3]. The name End of History might cause confusion but it really says that all nations eventually will become liberal democracies [4]. The difference of one word causes a lot of pain. Efforts to change Iraq and Afghanistan to liberal democracies cost many lives and enormous amounts of money. (I can prove that Liberal World Order cannot be achieved but it requires many papers.) So Niall Ferguson was correct and Fareed Zakaria was wrong on this topic. 

Recently Niall Ferguson held the view that Ukraine must win and Russia must be defeated. Otherwise, rule-based world order will no longer exist. Thus, he was not thinking of a liberal world order but rule-based world order must be held. After WWII the world order assumed that Russia (Soviet Union) and China were good guys. Can we assume it is still the case now? 

References: 

[1] Is a World Order Possible? (jiahan1.wixsite.com) 

[2] Niall Ferguson,‎ Fareed Zakaria,‎ Rudyard Griffiths (Editor), “Is This the End of the Liberal International Order?: The Munk Debate on Geopolitics,”  House of Anansi Press, 2017. 

[3] Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History and the Last Man," Free Press, February, 2006. 

[4] Will All Nations Be Secular Democracies? (jiahan1.wixsite.com)